Kicking Grass

Look into incorporating Gypsum and/or possibly Lime.  Get a soil analysis if you have not already and this will give you an indication of where you need to go.  There are also some liquid spray on organic products that I have heard good things about.  If your not talking about a very large area this may be a quicker solution to your problem.

One thing I hear a lot is to drag a burlap sack around the yard to try to pick up the sand burs.  I would imagine you would want to weigh it down as well.  Doing this along with pulling the nasty buggers as they appear will slowly decrease the population.  I don't know how much goats would enjoy them.  Mine seem to prefer anything broadleaf (weeds & trees) to grasses.

Looks like Bermudagrass.  It's just going dormant like it does in the Winter.  Away from the house where it is not getting relief from the sun and added water due to runoff it is struggling in these drought and extreme heat conditions.  You can or could have watered more and possibly improved the appearance but in the severe conditions we experienced it was probably best to back off the water and let it go dormant.  It's not dead and the good thing about Bermuda is that it  will quickly fill in any bare or thin spots.  Once the roots get established a little better it will become more resiliant.

That is a Foxtail grass.  Very common this time of the year.  You can control it with pre and post emergent herbicides.  Keep it mowed off and bag the clippings so you don't spread the seed all over the yard.  It looks like you're on the edge of town; new construction, so I am guessing there are fields of this and every other invasive or native grass all around you.  Seeds are going to blow in.  Your best defense is getting a nice thick lawn and mowing at a height of 3 to 4 inches.  You should still put down a pre-emergent herbicide for Crabgrass control but the other grassy weeds should not be that troublesome once the turf grass(Fescue) is going good.

I just wanted to add that there are organic methods of weed control to consider too, but again, emphasizing that a thick lawn maintained at a proper height is your best defense against weeds.