How about clay chimney tiles, use chimney blocks and pour vermiculite between the blocks and tile for insulation, then cob the outside (just a thought). I built a rocket out back (just to prove to people around here they actually work) and used the blocks from a chimney I tore down (it was tear down or fall down) with no insulation or liner, worked the ball's after I got
enough heat rolling up through it (about an hour of fire play), figured a tile and some insulation would improve the fire play time (a work in progress!).