Thank you everyone for your replies!
In the article I posted, I think they mitigated some of the potential condensation/thermal bridging by applying the Rosoco waterproofing pitch to the underside of the marine grade plywood and taping all parts of contact with the trailer frame with the thermal tape. Then they place the joists over this, the insulation board, and tongue and groove pine.
My biggest concern is just the areas where the bolts go through the subfloor joists into the trailer cross members. As soon as the PNW freezing air hits the cross members, cold air is going to move through the joist wood to the warmer region, condensate and possibly start to mold. No matter how it's built, we couldn't avoid bolting down into the trailer frame itself. Is it possible to seal the top and bottom of the bolts somehow so that cold air couldn't move through as easily?