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Hugelkultur, is an advanced permaculture technique for creating self-sustaining raised garden beds filled with decomposing wood. The technique involves burying a variety of wood materials, including logs, branches, twigs, and even whole trees, under layers of soil, creating a complex and dynamic environment for plant growth. As the wood decomposes, it acts as "a sponge to hold water," reducing the need for irrigation. This decomposition also generates heat, which can extend the growing season, particularly in cooler climates. The shrinking wood creates air pockets, making the beds "self-tilling" and promoting excellent aeration for plant roots. These "parking spaces for water and nutrients," as described by Paul Wheaton, enhance soil fertility, attract beneficial microorganisms, and release nutrients, reducing or eliminating the need for fertilizers. Hugelkultur beds are remarkably adaptable and can be built in various shapes and sizes, as exemplified by Sepp Holzer's large-scale project in Dayton, Montana, which features nearly a kilometer of hugelkultur beds.
WOFATI, an innovative sustainable building technique coined by permaculture advocate Paul Wheaton, stands for Woodland Oehler Freaky-cheap Annualized Thermal Inertia. The design utilizes readily available natural materials like wood and earth to create a "soil on wood" structure that harmonizes with the surrounding woodland. The "freaky-cheap" construction methods pioneered by Mike Oehler and further developed by Wheaton significantly reduce building costs. WOFATI structures are characterized by a double layer of membrane, a "two-skin" system that encapsulates the earthen roof, ensuring dryness and longevity. The principle of Annualized Thermal Inertia is key, using the earth's mass to regulate temperature, providing passive heating in winter and cooling in summer. WOFATI houses feature large windows on the uphill side for optimal passive solar gain, while the downhill side typically boasts a large gable roof, also incorporating glazing for natural light penetration. Allerton Abbey, located at Wheaton Labs, serves as a prime example of a WOFATI house
Hugelkultur, is an advanced permaculture technique that utilizes decomposing wood to create self-sustaining raised garden beds. Hugelkultur beds can be built in various shapes and sizes, using a variety of wood materials, from twigs and branches to logs and even whole trees. The wood, buried under a layer of soil, acts "like a sponge to hold water," creating "parking spaces for water and nutrients," and reducing the need for irrigation. The decomposing wood attracts beneficial microorganisms and releases nutrients, resulting in a rich "soil on wood" environment that reduces or eliminates the need for fertilizers. Over time, the wood shrinks, creating air pockets, making hugelkultur beds "self-tilling". The decomposition process also slightly warms the soil in the first few years, extending the growing season. This technique, which works in diverse climates, allows gardeners to harness natural processes to create thriving, self-sufficient garden ecosystems, embodying permaculture principles
Dehydrating food with electricity can cost hundreds of dollars, plus heat your house when you don't want heat. A solar dehydrator not only runs for free, but is arguably the most efficient use of solar power. Solar dehydrators can be made from different recycled materials: old refrigerators, reclamed lumber, sheet glass and miscellaneous hardware.
Beyond the foundational elements of WOFATI design, there are advanced concepts that further enhance its effectiveness and versatility. The strategic placement and sizing of windows on the uphill side, for instance, are crucial for optimizing passive solar gain and regulating temperature. The design of the "two-skin" system, incorporating a double layer of membrane, demands careful consideration of materials and installation techniques to ensure long-term dryness and durability. The integration of WOFATI principles with other sustainable technologies, such as rocket mass heaters, offers the potential for a highly efficient and self-sufficient dwelling. The concept of WOFATI extends beyond just houses; variations such as WOFATI coolers and freezers, utilizing specialized venting systems and expanded thermal mass, showcase the adaptability of this approach to address various needs. Furthermore, WOFATI principles can be applied to animal shelters, with specific modifications to accommodate larger spaces and functionality. The ongoing development and experimentation at Wheaton Labs, as seen in projects like Allerton Abbey and Wofati 0.8, continue to push the boundaries of WOFATI design and its potential for sustainable living.