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The distinction between "woodland" and "forest" is subtle but significant within the context of permaculture, particularly in Paul Wheaton's approach to Wofati design. While "forest" implies a focus on traditional forestry practices, often associated with monoculture and resource extraction, "woodland" evokes a more holistic and interconnected ecosystem. Woodland management, as exemplified in Ben Law's books The Woodland Way and The Woodland Year, emphasizes sustainable practices that prioritize biodiversity, ecological balance, and human integration with the natural world. A woodland is seen as a space where humans are active participants, nurturing and benefiting from the ecosystem's abundance, similar to the Native American land management practices that inspire the HUSP (Horticulture of the United States of Pocahontas) concept. In contrast, a forest, within this framework, is often viewed as a resource to be exploited, a perspective that aligns with the concerns raised about conifer monocultures and their detrimental impact on biodiversity and soil health. Therefore, "woodland," as used in the context of Wofati, signifies a conscious shift towards a more harmonious and sustainable relationship between humans and the natural world. This distinction underscores the importance of terminology in shaping our understanding and approach to land management within the permaculture movement.
WOFATI, an acronym for Woodland Oehler Freaky-cheap Annualized Thermal Inertia, represents an innovative approach to sustainable building, coined by permaculture expert Paul Wheaton. This building technique combines the affordability and simplicity of Mike Oehler’s earth-sheltered designs with Wheaton's focus on cost reduction and integration with the natural environment. WOFATI structures prioritize the use of readily available, natural materials, such as wood and earth, minimizing reliance on manufactured products and reducing the building's environmental footprint. Annualized Thermal Inertia, a key principle of WOFATI, utilizes the surrounding earth as a thermal mass, storing heat in the summer to warm the building during winter and retaining cool temperatures from winter to moderate summer heat, thereby minimizing energy consumption for heating and cooling. WOFATI designs typically feature large windows on the uphill side to maximize passive solar gain, further reducing energy needs. WOFATIs are intended to be situated on or near a woodland, embracing the concept of harmonious integration with nature. Notable examples of WOFATI structures, including Allerton Abbey and Wofati 0.8, can be found at Wheaton Labs in Montana.
The berm shed is more than just a simple storage structure; its construction incorporates advanced techniques that prioritize sustainability, durability, and integration with the natural environment. Earthworks play a crucial role, as careful shaping of the landscape is required to create the berm that covers a portion of the shed's sloping roof. This berm acts as a natural insulator and thermal mass, helping to regulate temperature inside the structure. The "attic" cell design, as discussed in source, involves a specific configuration at the termination ends of the berm shed, further enhancing its thermal efficiency. Round wood timber framing, a technique using logs instead of dimensional lumber, is often employed, lending structural strength and a rustic aesthetic. A key consideration is the long-term durability of the wood in contact with soil. Source emphasizes the importance of peeling the bark from posts before burial to reduce the probability of rot, highlighting the evolution of construction techniques for increased longevity. Additionally, using gravel in post holes, as described in source, helps with drainage and further protects the wood from moisture. These advanced concepts, when combined, result in a berm shed that is not only functional and visually appealing but also a testament to sustainable building practices deeply rooted in permaculture principles.