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Hugelkultur, is a permaculture technique for creating raised garden beds filled with rotting wood and covered with soil. This method, whether small-scale or large-scale, as exemplified by Sepp Holzer's work, which includes almost a kilometer of hugelkultur beds, uses a variety of wood, from branches and twigs to entire trees. Hugelkultur is beneficial because as the wood breaks down, it acts as a sponge, retaining moisture and reducing or eliminating the need for irrigation. This process also creates "parking spaces" for water and nutrients, leading to fertile soil that requires less fertilizer. Hugelkultur is a practical and sustainable permaculture solution for gardeners seeking to create self-sufficient garden ecosystems.
The terms "woodland" and "forest" are often used interchangeably, but in the context of permaculture and sustainable land management, a nuanced distinction emerges. "Forest" frequently carries connotations of traditional forestry practices, which often prioritize timber production and can involve techniques like clear-cutting and monoculture planting. These practices can be detrimental to biodiversity, soil health, and overall ecological balance, leading to what Sepp Holzer refers to as a "conifer desert". In contrast, "woodland" suggests a more holistic and integrated ecosystem, managed with an emphasis on biodiversity, ecological balance, and the interconnectedness of all life forms. This perspective aligns with the principles of permaculture and the vision of HUSP (Horticulture of the United States of Pocahontas), which draw inspiration from traditional Indigenous land management practices that emphasize respect for the Earth.
One Mason bee can pollinate 200 times more flowers than one honey bee. Unlike honey bees, Mason bees are native to North America.
The willow feeder system, a "freaky-cheap" and sustainable approach to human waste management, was developed by permaculture expert Paul Wheaton as an alternative to conventional septic systems and sewage treatment plants. The system emphasizes a closed-loop cycle, transforming human waste, or "poop", into valuable fertilizer, termed "willow candy". Unlike composting toilets, willow feeders utilize a dry environment created within sealed garbage cans to mummify the waste, preventing composting and the potential spread of pathogens. A small amount of sawdust is added to each can, primarily for aesthetic purposes. This dry process also preserves valuable carbon and nitrogen, which are often lost to the atmosphere during hot composting. After two years of aging, the pathogen-free "willow candy" can be safely applied as fertilizer to "poop beasts" — trees like willow, cottonwood, poplar, and bamboo — which can handle the high nutrient content without being harmed. This system turns human waste into a valuable resource, promoting sustainable gardening practices.