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Beyond the foundational elements of WOFATI design, there are advanced concepts that further enhance its effectiveness and versatility. The strategic placement and sizing of windows on the uphill side, for instance, are crucial for optimizing passive solar gain and regulating temperature. The design of the "two-skin" system, incorporating a double layer of membrane, demands careful consideration of materials and installation techniques to ensure long-term dryness and durability. The integration of WOFATI principles with other sustainable technologies, such as rocket mass heaters, offers the potential for a highly efficient and self-sufficient dwelling. The concept of WOFATI extends beyond just houses; variations such as WOFATI coolers and freezers, utilizing specialized venting systems and expanded thermal mass, showcase the adaptability of this approach to address various needs. Furthermore, WOFATI principles can be applied to animal shelters, with specific modifications to accommodate larger spaces and functionality. The ongoing development and experimentation at Wheaton Labs, as seen in projects like Allerton Abbey and Wofati 0.8, continue to push the boundaries of WOFATI design and its potential for sustainable living.
The terms "woodland" and "forest" are often used interchangeably, but in the context of permaculture and sustainable land management, a nuanced distinction emerges. "Forest" frequently carries connotations of traditional forestry practices, which often prioritize timber production and can involve techniques like clear-cutting and monoculture planting. These practices can be detrimental to biodiversity, soil health, and overall ecological balance, leading to what Sepp Holzer refers to as a "conifer desert". In contrast, "woodland" suggests a more holistic and integrated ecosystem, managed with an emphasis on biodiversity, ecological balance, and the interconnectedness of all life forms. This perspective aligns with the principles of permaculture and the vision of HUSP (Horticulture of the United States of Pocahontas), which draw inspiration from traditional Indigenous land management practices that emphasize respect for the Earth.
WOFATI structures demonstrate remarkable effectiveness due to their unique design features and emphasis on passive systems. The "two-skin" system, characterized by a double layer of membrane, protects the structure from moisture, ensuring dryness and longevity. WOFATI designs prioritize the use of natural and locally sourced materials, primarily wood and earth, significantly reducing the building's environmental impact and embodying the "freaky-cheap" philosophy pioneered by Mike Oehler. The core principle of "Annualized Thermal Inertia" harnesses the earth's thermal mass to regulate temperature fluctuations, providing passive heating in the winter and cooling in the summer. Large windows strategically placed on the uphill side, along with a spacious gable roof on the downhill side, often incorporating glazing, maximize passive solar gain, further enhancing energy efficiency. By minimizing reliance on artificial heating and cooling systems, WOFATIs achieve substantial energy savings. Allerton Abbey, the first WOFATI built at Wheaton Labs, exemplifies the practicality and success of this building technique
The construction of a berm shed, a sustainable and aesthetically pleasing storage solution, involves a unique process that utilizes natural building techniques and earth-sheltering principles. First, the building site is prepared using earthworks, shaping the surrounding land to create a berm, which is a raised bank of soil that will eventually cover a portion of the shed's sloping roof. Round wood timber framing is a common technique employed in berm shed construction, utilizing logs sourced from the property instead of commercially produced dimensional lumber. These logs are carefully selected and placed to form the structural framework of the shed, including the walls and roof supports. Once the timber frame is erected, a moisture barrier, such as billboard material or layers of poly sheeting and newspaper, is installed over the logs to protect them from the elements. Finally, soil is carefully layered on top of the moisture barrier, creating the berm and providing insulation, thermal mass, and a natural aesthetic. The construction process prioritizes using natural, locally sourced materials and minimizing the use of energy-intensive and potentially toxic commercial products, aligning with permaculture principles of sustainability and self-sufficiency.
When discussing "woodland" versus "forest," the structural and management approaches differ significantly, particularly within a permaculture context. Forests, often managed for timber production, frequently involve monoculture planting and practices like clear-cutting, which can create what Sepp Holzer calls a "conifer desert." This leads to decreased biodiversity, depleted soil health, and disrupted ecological balance. "Woodland" management, as described by Ben Law, focuses on a more holistic, interconnected ecosystem. Woodland management prioritizes biodiversity, recognizing the interconnectedness of all lifeforms within the ecosystem. Active human participation is encouraged, mimicking the sustainable land management practices of Indigenous cultures, as exemplified by the HUSP (Horticulture of the United States of Pocahontas) concept. Woodlands are viewed as spaces where humans actively participate and nurture, promoting long-term health and resilience. This active management ensures the woodland provides not only timber but also food, medicine, and wildlife habitat. The selection of "woodland" in Wofati design reflects a conscious shift away from extractive forestry practices and toward a more sustainable and harmonious relationship with the natural world. In essence, the distinction between woodland and forest highlights the crucial role of human management in shaping the structure and health of these ecosystems, emphasizing the permaculture principle of responsible stewardship of natural resources.