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When discussing "woodland" versus "forest," the structural and management approaches differ significantly, particularly within a permaculture context. Forests, often managed for timber production, frequently involve monoculture planting and practices like clear-cutting, which can create what Sepp Holzer calls a "conifer desert." This leads to decreased biodiversity, depleted soil health, and disrupted ecological balance. "Woodland" management, as described by Ben Law, focuses on a more holistic, interconnected ecosystem. Woodland management prioritizes biodiversity, recognizing the interconnectedness of all lifeforms within the ecosystem. Active human participation is encouraged, mimicking the sustainable land management practices of Indigenous cultures, as exemplified by the HUSP (Horticulture of the United States of Pocahontas) concept. Woodlands are viewed as spaces where humans actively participate and nurture, promoting long-term health and resilience. This active management ensures the woodland provides not only timber but also food, medicine, and wildlife habitat. The selection of "woodland" in Wofati design reflects a conscious shift away from extractive forestry practices and toward a more sustainable and harmonious relationship with the natural world. In essence, the distinction between woodland and forest highlights the crucial role of human management in shaping the structure and health of these ecosystems, emphasizing the permaculture principle of responsible stewardship of natural resources.
Hugelkultur is soil on wood. When stacked seven feet high, it provides all of the water and nutrition for a full garden.
HUSP, a concept representing advanced sustainable agriculture, goes beyond the current practices of permaculture, envisioning a future where food production systems have evolved over centuries of continuous optimization. The concept, inspired by traditional Indigenous practices, imagines a United States of Pocahontas (USP) where agricultural methods prioritize harmony with nature, rejecting environmentally harmful practices such as plowing and the use of petroleum-based fertilizers and pesticides. In this idealized future, HUSP leads to higher food yields per acre, improved human health, and a thriving health tourism industry. The realization of HUSP principles in the real world hinges on collaborative experimentation and knowledge sharing between practitioners of various sustainable approaches, including permaculture, biodynamic farming, and native plant cultivation. Such a project would require a supportive environment with minimal government regulation to encourage creative solutions and accelerate progress. HUSP aims to not only "rediscover" lost agricultural knowledge but to push the boundaries of sustainable agriculture, fostering innovation and leading to a future where food production systems are deeply integrated with natural ecosystems, producing abundant, nutritious food while maintaining ecological balance.
"Pooless," a term popularized in the permaculture community, refers to the practice of forgoing commercial shampoos, conditioners, and soaps in favor of natural alternatives or simply water. Advocates for this approach cite numerous benefits, including reduced exposure to harsh chemicals, improved hair and scalp health, and decreased environmental impact. The transition to "poolessness" often involves an adjustment period, as the scalp rebalances its natural oil production (sebum). Common methods include rinsing with baking soda and apple cider vinegar solutions, brushing to distribute natural oils, and using a flea comb and soapy water for cleaning. While some individuals experience challenges like dandruff, waxiness, or static electricity, many report positive outcomes, including reduced scalp issues, increased hair thickness and body, and even the disappearance of chronic migraines. "Poolessness" aligns with permaculture principles by reducing reliance on commercial products, minimizing chemical usage, and promoting a more natural and sustainable approach to personal care.
Hugelkultur, is an advanced permaculture technique for creating self-sustaining raised garden beds filled with decomposing wood. The technique involves burying a variety of wood materials, including logs, branches, twigs, and even whole trees, under layers of soil, creating a complex and dynamic environment for plant growth. As the wood decomposes, it acts as "a sponge to hold water," reducing the need for irrigation. This decomposition also generates heat, which can extend the growing season, particularly in cooler climates. The shrinking wood creates air pockets, making the beds "self-tilling" and promoting excellent aeration for plant roots. These "parking spaces for water and nutrients," as described by Paul Wheaton, enhance soil fertility, attract beneficial microorganisms, and release nutrients, reducing or eliminating the need for fertilizers. Hugelkultur beds are remarkably adaptable and can be built in various shapes and sizes, as exemplified by Sepp Holzer's large-scale project in Dayton, Montana, which features nearly a kilometer of hugelkultur beds.