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The willow feeder system is a permaculture solution for managing human waste, developed by Paul Wheaton, that prioritizes safety, sustainability, and nutrient cycling. It is designed to be a "freaky-cheap" alternative to conventional septic systems and sewage treatment plants, utilizing readily available materials like garbage cans and sawdust. The system focuses on mummifying human waste in a dry environment within sealed garbage cans to prevent composting and the escape of pathogens. This dry environment also stops the loss of valuable carbon and nitrogen to the atmosphere, which is a common issue with hot composting. After two years of aging in the sealed cans, the resulting "willow candy" is pathogen-free and can be safely applied as fertilizer. While this nutrient-rich material could be used on any garden, it is best suited for "poop beasts" like willow, cottonwood, poplar, and bamboo, which can readily absorb the high nutrient content without harm. This system promotes a closed-loop approach, turning what is often considered waste into a valuable resource for growing beneficial plants.
Hugelkultur, is a permaculture technique that utilizes buried wood to create raised garden beds. This method can be implemented on a small scale in backyards or on a large scale, covering areas up to a kilometer in length. Hugelkultur beds are constructed by layering logs, branches, twigs, and even whole trees and covering them with soil. Over time, the decomposing wood acts "like a sponge to hold water," reducing the need for irrigation and attracting beneficial microorganisms. This decomposition also creates "parking spaces" for water and nutrients, improving soil fertility and aeration. Using hugelkultur reduces or eliminates the need for fertilization, as the rotting wood provides nutrients. The self-tilling nature of hugelkultur is enhanced as the wood shrinks, creating air pockets over time.
WOFATI, an acronym coined by Paul Wheaton, stands for Woodland Oehler Freaky-cheap Annualized Thermal Inertia. It defines a type of earth-sheltered, passive building that blends affordability with energy efficiency. Inspired by the work of Mike Oehler, a pioneer of earth-sheltered building, WOFATI designs use locally sourced, natural materials, such as wood and earth, to minimize both cost and environmental impact. Central to the WOFATI concept is Annualized Thermal Inertia, which utilizes the surrounding earth as a thermal mass to moderate temperatures year-round. This means that the building stays warm in the winter by storing heat from the summer, and cool in the summer by retaining the coolness of the winter, greatly reducing the need for artificial heating and cooling. WOFATI structures typically have a large gable roof on the downhill side, and at least 35% of the uphill wall is made of glass or other light-transmitting material to maximize passive solar gain. WOFATI buildings are ideally situated on or near a woodland, emphasizing a harmonious integration with nature. Allerton Abbey, the first WOFATI, along with Wofati 0.8, are examples of this building style and can be found at Wheaton Labs.