I've had some experience
gardening indoors, and would definitely advocate it for people living in cooler climates who need their gardening fix when its -20 and there's 4 feet of snow outside. As for the setup you have multiple options. Essentially there are 4 different types of
lights you can use.
CFL's work great if you are looking to grow microgreens, regular greens, seedlings and mature plants no larger than say 2-2.5' high. They don't put off a huge amount of heat, but
enough to maintain a healthy temp inside an enclosed space, and they are super easy and cheap to setup. The downsides are that they have to be positioned pretty close to your plants, so that they receive enough lumen's for proper growth and even worse is that they are full of super toxic substances, so if you do break them in your house, you might get a case of the mad hatter syndrome, or develop cancer sometime later in life. Prob best not to buy them at all, unless you have absolutely no choice.
The second and third choice's would be either a High Pressure Sodium(HPS) or Metal Halide(MH) light. Of the two I would choose High Pressure Sodium as it has a more balanced light spectrum, which will be more appropriate for both the vegetative and fruiting cycles of your plants. The benefits are that the lights give off a much higher amount of lumen's which essentially means better a quality and more intense light for your babies. This will allow you to grow full size plants of any kind, depending on the size of the pot. The downsides are that they are fairly expensive depending on which size you get. You need to purchase both the light and the ballast, so they range from the 100w hps which will cover approx a 3x3x3 foot space for about $100, to a 1000w hps which will cover approx a 10x10x10 foot space for $600-$1000. The best choice in the middle of the spectrum, in my opinion, would be 400w hps, which you can generally find for $150 to $300 and will cover an area of approx 5x5x5. They also produce a fair amount of heat so you will require a fan of some sort to ventilate the area.
The fourth choice would be an
LED grow light. Unfortunately I do not have any experience with these other than doing some amateur research on some indoor growing forums. They do seem to be the best choice though, in terms of effectiveness and efficiency, so long as you can find a reputable brand.
The one thing that you need to be aware of when growing fruiting plants inside is that in order to begin producing fruit they need a change in the number of daylight hours to darkness. So for good vegetative grow, or green growth, they need about 16 hours of light to 8 hours darkness, and for fruit production they need about 12 hours light to 12 hours dark.
An example of plant that only needs vegetative growth would be lettuce, unless you wanted seeds. And tomatoes would be an example of a plant that needs the light cycle changed to 12-12 in order to start producing fruit.
It is also very important that they are not disturbed during their dark cycle. Plants get stressed out and don't grow as well if they are interrupted during their sleepy time. So if they are in a room in which the lights may be turned on periodically during their dark cycle, it is best to section them off behind some kind of makeshift light proof curtain. You could just throw them in a closet, as long as the ventilation keeps it at a good temp.
So.......Hope this was helpful