Well I reached out to the Arizona Geological Survey on
Facebook, and it just so happens they'd recently done an analysis of the scoria in my exact area and they sent me the results! How cool is that??
Here's what they told me:
"We happen to just get back whole rock geochemistry data for the area's scoria. Trace element summary is below. In short, though, I don’t think there are any known hazards from building with basalt. Trace elements are locked up in volcanic glass or the crystal structure of stable minerals. Relevant samples are MC1, MC2, and MC3. Ignore SCO, its from a different part of the state and a different rock type. Values are in parts per million (ppm)"
I've attached the table of results