Favorite Permaculture Species

A couple of years ago I started a daily-dish practice of documenting, researching, and sharing about a species of plant, animal, fungi, or microbe. My goal was to do this practice for a year straight, and reach 369 total species by the end of the year.  I had just moved to a new area, and really wanted to get to know the special species found in the environment I was becoming a part of, and thought it would be nice to help others learn at the same time.  

I didn't get to my goal, as life threw me some curveballs.  I did reach over 200 species, though. Now im living in a new area, and have joined this wonderful Permies community, and am once again thinking about taking the extra time to share about the species that stand out to me in my own permaculture/agroforestry developments.  The hope is that one day maybe this information can be organized and gathered into an article, or ebook, or even a printed book that can produce an income or bring support for the investment of time to share.  

Wouldn't it be great to create something that could be left on a coffee table somewhere and be attractive enough to share with children and adults alike, and help them learn about their natural surroundings, and the relationships between the different organisms being shared about?  If a mother or father chooses one species to teach to their child every day from a picture filled resource, then that child will then be able to learn 369 (or more) different species that they can identify, connect with, and maybe even form a relationship with - in the span of just 1 year.  

Kids these days overwhelmingly cannot identify what exists in their natural environments.  But they have no problem identifying corporate logos with amazing accuracy.  I think this is a big problem for our collective future if we want to help solve wicked problems, such as mass extinctions.  

To help people reconnect with nature, form more interconnected relationships, and develop more Future Care.  

I will occasionally be revisiting and sharing photos and brief descriptions of species that I am hoping to include in my own 369.  

So here is an idea.  

Do you all want to play a game, and help take part in creating a permaculture species resource?  Ultimately this might fizzle out and only be found here in the permies archives, but if it catches interest, and engagement, then maybe it could turn into something bigger that benefits us all?  

Rules for this game as set by me:

1 - If you see a species already posted, please try not to create a duplicate post for that species.  But if there is some info missing that you think should be included , or inaccuracies that you think should be corrected about that species, then hit the reply button and add your own thoughts or contributions for the original post.

2- If you would like to add a species not yet posted about, then please include the following information:

*Scientific Name and other most commonly used names.
*Permaculture Uses and Services
*History/Origins, or potential history and origins.  Appropriate and inappropriate locations.
*At least 3 other species that this one can be associated with in some way.  
*Environmental preferences, adaptations, and limitations. (Permaculture Zones, Hardiness zones, sun, water, wind, soil types, etc)
*Propagation methods. (Seeds, cuttings, airlayers, grafting, timing, special treatments, etc)  
*A clear and in focus photo, or a few

3- ?   (Ill come back and edit this section as we move forward, depending on how this goes)

One of my main inspirations for this idea comes from a favorite Permaculture species resource that I used often while living in Hawaii - the "Permacopia" book series by D. Hunter Beyer and Dr. Franklin Martin.  (Attached images)

Here is a list of species that I have already posted about on social media, and may revise and repost about here in the permies forums from time to time:

#216 - 6/9/2023 - Syzygium jambos (Rose Apple, Jambu, Malabar Plum, …).
#215 - 4/13/2023 - Elaphe tarniura friesi (Taiwan Beauty Snake, …).
#214 - 12/22 - Sauropus androgynus (Katuk, Star Gooseberry, Sweetleaf, …).
#213 - 11/9 - Pyrocoelia praetexta (Firefly, 萤火虫)
#212 - 11/8 - Trapa bicornis (Water caltrop, Devil pod, Buffalo nut, Water Chestnut, 菱角）
#211 - 11/6 - Dendrocnide meyeniana (Poisonous Wood Nettle, Lipa, Dog Bites 咬人狗
#210 - 10/30 - Indigofera spicata (Creeping Indigo, Trailing Indigo, 穗花木藍)
#209 - 10/19 - Muntingia calabura (Strawberry Tree, Jamaican Cherry, 南美假櫻桃)
#208 - 10/7- Artocarpus integer (Cempedek, …)
#207 - 9/27- Trimetesurus stejnegeri stejnegeri
(Chinese Green Tree Viper, Bamboo Viper, …)
#206 - 9/22 - … (Dung Beetle, 糞金龜)
#205 - 8/22 - Indigofera tinctoria (True Indigo, Mulan, 木藍)
#204 - 8/17 - Moringa oleifera (Moringa, 辣木)
#203 - 8/17 - Lissachatina fulica (Giant African Land Snail, 非洲大蝸牛)
#202 - 8/14 - Synsepalum dulcificum (Miracle fruit, 神秘果）
#201 - 8/6 - Polygonum chinense (Southern smartweed, Creeping smartweed, Chinese knotweed, 火炭母草)
#200 - 8/6 - Ficus irisana (Rough leaved fig, 澀葉榕)
#199 - 8/5 - Pachira aquatica? Or P. glabra? (Malabar Chestnut, Saba Nut, 馬拉巴栗
#198 - 8/5 - Nasturtium officinale (Watercress, 水芥菜(西洋菜)
#197 - 8/2 - Toona sinensis (Toona, Chinese Mahogany, 香椿)
#196 - 7/24 - Nelumbo spp (Lotus, Flower-of-Life, 蓮花)
#195 - 7/23 - Nymphaea tetragona (Water Lilly, 睡蓮)
#194 - 7/22 - Pometia pinnata (Fiji Longan, Pacific Lychee, Island Lychee, 台東龍眼(番龍眼))
#193 - 7/20 - … (Taiwan Mountain Deer)
#192 - 7/15 - Psilopogon nuchalis (Taiwan Barbet, Taiwan 5 colored bird, 五色鳥)
#191 - 7/15 - … (Centipede, 蜈蚣）
#190 - 7/14 - Pouteria caimito (Abiu, 黃金果)
#189 - 7/14 - Callicarpa formosana (Formosan Beautyberry, Du Honghua- 杜虹花)
#188 - 7/13 - Erythrina cristagalli (Tigers Claw, Common Coral Tree, 雞冠刺桐)
#187 - 7/13 - Acrostichum aureum (Leather Fern, Golden Acrostichum, 鹵蕨)
#186 - 7/13 - Murraya paniculata (Mock Orange, Orange Jasmine, 七里香)
#185 - 7/11 - Ficus pumila var. awkeotsang (Awkeotsang creeping fig ,Aiyu, 愛玉)
#184 - 7/11 - Diospyros discolor (Mabolo, Velvet Apple, Velvet Persimmon, Kamaya, 毛柿)
#183 - 7/11 - … (Butterflies, 蝴蝶)
#182 - 7/10 - … (Golden Soldier Fly, 黃金水虻)
#181 - 7/6 - Trema orientale (Gunpowder, Charcoal Tree, 山黃麻)
#180 - 7/6 - Momordica cochinchinensis (Gac Fruit,
木鳖果)
#179 - 7/5 - Ficus fistulosa (Common Yellow Stemmed Fig, Shui Tongmu 水同木)
#178 - 7/4 - Auricularia auricula (Wood ear, Jelly ear, Pepeiao)
#177 - 7/4 - … (Tilapia)
#176 - 6/30 - Ustilago maydis (Corn Smut)
#175 - 6/29 - Momordica charantia (Bitter Melon)
#174 - 6/29 - Mucuna macrocarpa (Rusty Leaf Mucuna)
#173 - 6/29 - Pelodiscus sinensis (Chinese Softshell Turtle)
#172 - 6/28 - Lagerstoemia subcostata  (Subcostate Crape Myrtle, Jiuxiong)
#171 - 6/23 - Salvia rosmarinus (Rosemary)
#170 - 6/20 - Pontederia crassipes (Water Hyacinth)
#169 - 6/19 - Abelmoschus esculentus (Okra)
#168 - 6/18 - Litsea cubeb (Maqaw, Ma Jiao, Taiwan Mountain Pepper)
#167 - 6/17 - Artocarpus heterophyllus (Jackfruit)
#166 - 6/16 - Amegilla cingulata (Blue Banded Bee)
#165 - 6/15 - Sesbania spp.  (Sesbania, Riverhemp)
#164 - 6/14 - Persea americana (Avocado)
#163 - 6/13 - Clitoria ternatea (Blue Butterfly Pea)
#162 - 6/12 - Daemonorops margaritae (Yellow Rotang Palm, Taiwan Yellow Rattan)
#161 - 6/11 - Litchi chinensis (Lychee, Litchi)
#160 - 6/10 - Coix lacryma-jobi var. lacryma-jobi (Jobs Tears Wild Variety)
#159 - 6/9 - Boehmeria nivea (Ramie)
#158 - 6/8 - Benincasa hispida (Taro Wax Gourd, White Gourd)
#157 - 6/7 - Passiflora edulis (Passionfruit, Lilikoi)
#156 - 6/6 - Urtica dioica (Stinging Nettle)
#155 - 6/5 - Carica papaya (Papaya)
#154 - 6/5 - Broussonetia papyrifera (Paper Mulberry)
#153 - 6/4 - Ocimum tenuiflorum (Tulsi Basil, Holy Basil)
#152 - 6/4 - Monarda fistulosa (Wild Bergamot)
#151 - 6/2 - Selenicereus costaricensis? (Dragon Fruit, Pitahaya)
#150 - 6/2 - Sechium edule (Chayote)
#149 - 5/31 - Saccharum spp (Sugarcane, Ko)
#148 - 5/29 - Physalis spp (Groundcherry, Chinese Lanterns)
#147 - 5/28 - Ficus carica (Fig)
#146 - 5/28 - Durio zibethinus (Durian)
#145 - 5/27 - Myrica rubra (Chinese Bayberry)
#144 - 5/27 - Hemerocallis lilioasphodelus (Day Lily)
#143 - 5/27 - Hermetia illucens (Black Soldier Fly)
#142 - 5/26 - Lemna spp (Duckweed)
#141 - 5/26 - Solanum pimpinellifolium (Wild Tomato)
#140 - 5/25 - Hibiscus sabdariffa (Roselle)
#139 - 5/25 - Delonix regia (Royal poinciana, Flame of the forest, Pheonix flower tree)
#138 - 5/23 - Luffa spp (Sponge gourd, Loofah)
#137 - 5/21 - Cassia floribunda (Large-flower Glossyshower Senna)
#136 - 5/20 - Nephrolepsis auriculata (Sword Fern)
#135 - 5/20 - Mantis spp. (Praying Mantis)
#134 - 5/20 - Alpinia speciosa (Shell Ginger)
#133 - 5/18 - Plectranthus amboinicus (Cuban oregano)
#132 - 5/18 - Ricinus communis (Castor Bean, Castor Oil Plant)
#131 - 5/18 - Mimosa pudica (Sensitive Plant, Touch-me-not)
#130 - 5/17 - Ananas comosus (Pineapple)
#129 - 5/15 - Citrullus lanatus (Watermelon)
#128 - 5/15 - Arachis hypogaea (Peanut, Goober, Monkey Nut)
#127 - 5/14 - Mangifera indica (Mango)
#126 - 5/14 - Solanum integrifolium (Pumkin on a stick, Ornamental Eggplant)
#125 - 5/13 - Vitex negundo (Chinese Chaste Tree)
#124 - 5/12 - Canis familiaris (Mans Best Friend)
#123 - 5/11 - Musa spp. (Banana, Mai’a)
#122 - 5/10 - Chenopodium serotonin (Small Goosefoot)
#121 - 5/9 - Sambucus formosana (Taiwan Elderberry)
#120 - 5/8 - Zea mays (Corn. Maize)
#119 - 5/8 - Sesamum indicum (Sesame)
#118 - 5/7 - Geothelphusa chiui? (Freshwater Crab)
#117 - 5/7 - Zizania latifolia (Water Bamboo)
#116 - 5/7 - Paradoxosomatodae family (Millipede)
#115 - 5/5 - Cnidoscolus aconitifolius (Chaya, Tree Spinach)
#114 - 5/4 - Crassocephalum crepidioides (Redflower Ragleaf)
#113 - 5/4 - Polygonum persicaria? Persicaria longiseta?
#112 - 5/3 - Lavendula spp (Lavender)
#111 - 5/2 - Allium bakeri (Chinese Onion, Lukyu)
#110 - 5/2 - Pandanus amaryllifolius (Pandan)
#109 - 4/30 - Portulaca oleracea (Purslane)
#108 - 4/29 - Vernicia fordii (Tung Tree)
#107 - 4/29 - ?
#106 - 4/25 - Crossostephium chinense (Chinese wormwood)
#105 - 4/25 - Psidium guajava (Guava)
#104 - 4/23 - Stevia rebaudiana (Stevia)
#103 - 4/23 - Nicotiana tabacum (Tobacco)
#102 - 4/23 - Smallanthus sonchifolius (Yacon, Peruvian Ground Apple)
#101 - 4/21 - Manilkara zapota (Chico sapote, Sapodilla)
#100 - 4/21 - Zanthoxylum ailanthoides (Tana, Prickly Ash)
#99 - 4/21 - Gossypium spp (Cotton)
#98 - 4/19 - Areca catechu (Betelnut Palm)
#97 - 4/17 - Pisum sativum (Snow Pea)
#96 - 4/14 - Duchesnea indica / Potentilla indica (Mock Strawberry)
#95 - 4/13 - Hydrocotyle spp (Water Pennywort, Dollarweed)
#94 - 4/12 - Amaranthus spp (Amaranth)
#93 - 4/11 - Cucumis melo (Musk Melon)
#92 - 4/11 - Artocarpus communis (Breafruit, Ulu)
#91 - 4/10 - Coprinellus disseminatus? (Fairy Inkcap mushrooms)
#90 - 4/10 - Bischofia javanica (Bishop Wood)
#89 - 4/10 - Petroselinum crispum (Parsley)
#88 - 4/9 - Glebionis coronaria (Edible Chrysanthemum, Shungiku, …)
#87 - 4/9 - Theretra oldenlandiae (Taro Hornworm) Hippotion celerio (Silver Striped Hawkmoth)
#86 - 4/8 - Acacia confusa (Formosan Koa, Taiwan Acacia)
#85 - 4/8 - Plantago major (Broadleaf Plantain,
#84 - 4/8 - Apium graveolens (Celery)
#83 - 4/4 -  Prunus mume? (Chinese/Japanese Plum, Japanese Apricot)
#82 - 3/31 - Ipomoea aquatica (Water Spinach, Kangkong)
#81 - 3/30 - Naja atra? (Chinese Cobra?)
#80 - 3/25 - Allium spp (Shallots, Onion, Garlic, Leeks, Chives)
#79 - 3/25 - Fagopyrum esculentum (Buckwheat)
#78 - 3/23 - Ageratum conyzoides (Goatweed, Chickweed)
#77 - 3/22 - Anethum graveolens (Dill)
#76 - 3/22 - Coriandrum sativum (Chinese parsley, Cilantro, Coriander)
#75 - 3/21 - Morus spp (Mulberry)
#74 - 3/20 - Plinia cauliflora (Jaboticaba, Brazilian Grapetree)
#73 - 3/19 - Litsea cubeba (May Chang, Mountain Pepper, Maqaw)
#72 - 3/19 - Plukenetia volubilis (Sacha Inchi)
#71 - 3/18 - Ptyas mucosa? (Oriental Rat Snake?)
#70 - 3/18 - Cosmos spp. (Cosmos flowers)
#69 - 3/17 - Apis spp., A. cerana? (Honey Bee)
#68 - 3/16 - Taiwanofungus camphoratus (Stout Camphor Fungus)
#67 - 3/15 - Bidens pilosa (Aggressive woman, ghost needle grass, hitch hikers, black-jack, beggarticks, farmer’s friends, Spanish needle, cobblers pegs)
#66 - 3/14 - Trifolium spp. (Clover)
#65 - 3/14 - Coccinellidae spp. (Lady bug, lady beetle)
#64 - 3/13 - Ficus vaccinioides (Vaccinium fig)
#63 - 3/12 - Humulus japonicus (Humulus)
#62 - 3/11 - Rhaphiolepis indica (Tashiro Indian Hawthorn, Tashio's Hawthorn)
#61 - 3/11 - Cinnamomum camphora (Stout Camphor Tree)
#60 - 3/11 - Calocedrus formosana (Taiwan Incense Cedar)
#59 - 3/10 - Dioscorea spp (Chinese/Japanese Yam)
#58 - 3/10 - Corchorus aestuans
#57 - 3/7 - Curcuma spp (Turmeric)
#56 - 3/6 - Zingiber officinale (Ginger)
#55 - 3/5 - Camellia spp. C. oleifera? C. sasanqua? (Tea Seed Camellia, Oil Seed Camellia)
#54 - 3/4 - Azolla filiculoides (Azolla water fern, mosquito fern, fairy moss)
#53 - 3/3 -  Borago officinalis (Borage, Starflower)
#52 - 2/24 - Ipomoea batatas (Sweet Potato, ‘Uala)
#51 - 2/24 - Nostoc commune (Nalepera, Star Jelly, Lovers Tear)
#50 - 2/23 - Brassica juncea var. gemmifera (Baby Vegetable, Mutant Mustard, Wawa Cai)
#49 - 2/23 - Tropaeolum majus (Nasturtium)
#48 - 2/22 - Piper methysticum (Awa, Kava)
#47 - 2/22 - Piper betle (Betel Pepper)
#46 - 2/22 - Cannabis sativa (Marijuana, Hemp)
#45 - 2/21 - Corchorus capsularis (Jews Mallow, White Jute)
#44 - 2/21 - Asplenium nidus (Birds nest fern)
#43 - 2/20 - Manihot esculenta (Cassava, Tapioca, Yucca)
#42 - 2/20 - Tetragonia tetragonioides (New Zealand Spinach)
#41 - 2/18 - Gynura spp. (Okinawa spinach)
#40 - 2/17 - Helianthus annuus (Sunflower)
#39 - 2/16 - Tagetes spp (Marigold)
#38 - 2/15 - Sapindus rarak (Taiwan Soapberry Tree, Wuhuanzi)
#37 - 2/14 - Cordyline fruticosa (Ti, Ki)
#36 - 2/13 - Oryza spp (Rice)
#35 - 2/8 - Setaria italica (Millet)
#34 - 2/8 - Chenopodium quinoa (Quinoa)
#33 - 2/6 - Citrus spp
#32 - 2/4 - Bambuseae family (Bamboo)
#31 - 2/2 - Pouteria campechiana (Egg Fruit, Canistel)
#30 - 2/1 - Caffea spp (Coffee)
#29 - 1/30 - Raphanus sativus (Daikon Radish, Tillage Raddish, …)
#28 - 1/29 - Brassica oleracea (Broccoli, Cabbage, Cauliflower, etc)
#27 - 1/28 - Aloe spp.  (Aloe)
#26 - 1/27 - Morinda citrifolia (Noni)
#25 - 1/27 - Macaca cyclopsis (Formosan Monkey)
#24 - 1/26 - Lactobacillus (Lactic Acid Bacteria - LAB)
#23 - 1/26 - Cocos nucifera (Coconuts)
#22 - 1/26 -  Bos spp, B. taurus, B. indicus B. bubalis, etc (Cows)
#21 - 1/24 -  Solanum nigrum (Popolo in Hawaii, Black Nightshade)
#20 - 1/23 - Lactuca sativa (Celtuse, Wosun, Asparagus Lettuce)
#19 - 1/23 - Crescentia cujete (Calabash Tree)
#18 - 1/22 - Xanthosoma spp (A different kind of Taro)
#17 - 1/20 - Cucurbita maxima (The Giant Bottle Gourd)
#16 - 1/16 - Rhus semialata (Salty flavored Taiwan native sumac)
#15 - 1/15 - Chrysopogon zizanioides (Vetiver Grass)
#14 - 1/13 - Gryllus bimaculatus (Crickets)
#13 - 1/12 - Indotyphlops braminus (Brahminy blind snake)
#12 - 1/12 - Cajanus cajan - (Pigeon Pea)
#11 - 1/11 - Panaeolus spp - (Magic Mushroom)
#10 - 1/10 - Ziziphus jujuba - (Chinese Date, Jujube)
#9 - 1/9 - Nicandra physaloides (Apple of Peru)
#8 - 1/8 - Lepista tarda (Blewit Mushroom relative)
#7 - 1/7 - Annona atemoya, Hybrid of A. cherimola x A. squamisa -  (Pineapple Sugar-apple, Atemoya)
#6 - 1/6 - Earthworm.
#5 - 1/5 - Indigenous Micro-Organisms (IMO)
#4 - 1/4 - Lentinula edodes (Shiitake Mushrooms)
#3 - 1/3 - Colocasia esculenta (Taro, Kalo)
#2 - 1/2 - Cinnamomum osmophloeum (Taiwan Cinnamon)
#1 - 1/1 - Calathea allouia (Sweetcorn Root, Leren)

The concept sounds good, but has it been done earlier?

John C Daley wrote:The concept sounds good, but has it been done earlier?

I don't know. Im kinda new here.  If it has then maybe some of the helpful staff can post the links?  

So far there is almost zero responsiveness to this post/idea aside from your comment, so there is not much motivation for me to put effort into it.

Maybe i'm just not the right person for it?  There are so many great minds and influencers here in the forums who have been able to create amazing things already, and do so regularly.  If somebody like Sergei Boutenco or Samuel Thayer came along and did this it would likely be a lot easier for them, since they have already put out their own great resources on edible plant identification, uses, etc.  

What plant, animal, fungi, or microbe would you like to see a post about, John?  Whats in your area that you would like to know more about? Are there any "weeds" that you might be battling with, which you have yet to look more deeply into? Or maybe some rare or endangered species that are only found in your specific region?  

This sounds like a great idea to me Arthur. I see no reason thus far why you should stop now after so much good work thus far. However, I think it may be that big block of text full of latin names (even with the colloquial name included) may be intimidating and difficult to sort through for someone looking to contribute. Chronological listing makes sense in some ways, but maybe an alphabetical list, and possibly a categorized list (plants; animals: fungi; etc) would help us sort through what’s already covered. I was looking through the species already covered, figuring that if Livestock Guardian Dogs haven’t gotten some love I’d be happy to gush about the benefits of mine, and was impressed by all you have so far.

Maybe sharing a sample entry or two would help people feel like they know what to go for in their contribution. I’d encourage sharing these entries here in general. I do think this could be a great compendium of species to collaborate with in permaculture.

Ok, here it is.  The very first species post!  I hope this gives everyone an idea of what one might look like for this thread.  I think this species is very fitting for the Permies community.

Malus domestica - Apple

Uses, products, and services: The better known apple products include juice, cider, wine, vinegar, sauce, jelly, cakes and pies, stuffing, butter, dried chips, and even apple “cheese”, which is not actually a cheese, but more a type of desert traditionally made with honey. Unripe apples can be a source of pectin. For just about any product made with apples there is a variety found that will be more ideal for that purpose. There are also those that have been selected for their ability to keep for many months  without spoiling in basements or root cellars. Livestock, such as pigs, love discarded or dropping fruits, and so do cows, goats, alpacas, turkeys, and chickens. The canopy of an older tree can also provide a fairly dense cooling summer shade for both livestock and people. The flowers are also a great forage for honeybees and other pollinators, especially with a wider range of varieties grown that can provide flowers earlier or later in the seasons. Apple wood can be dense and durable. When it comes to carving it is  very versatile, and great for shaping food containers and utensils. It also makes for an excellent firewood, and the dried chips are favored for smoking meats.

Origins and history: It is thought that the ancestor of our common apple is Malus sieversii, which is native to Kazakhstan in Central Asia, but this species is now faced with the threat of extinction.  Birds and bears likely spread the original seeds, which eventually began to grow in Syria, where the Romans discovered the edible fruits, and also began to further spread the seeds throughout Europe. The seeds reached North America and a fella named John Chapman finally got ahold of them. John, or “Jonny Appleseed”, was a nursery man who had a preference for wild apples over any named varieties (according to wikipedia). At least one google search result will show that there are now over 30,000 types of apples worldwide. Here in Poland i recently took note of some names found at the local market, which included "Czempion", "Ligol", "Alwa", "Princ", "Empajer", "Renata", "Lobo", "Koksa", "Starking", "Rubin", and "Golden." Poland is one of the leading producers worldwide, despite being a relatively small country in comparison to China and US, who take the top two positions. It is a wonder how many varieties have been lost over time. Changing growing environments, commercialized profit driven motives in cultivar selection, and family held varieties no longer being perpetuated by a younger generation - have led to the disappearances of countless heirloom/heritage varieties.

Associates:  According to Paul Stamets (link below) perennial morel mushrooms like to grow in aging apple orchards. Lower level ground covers can make for excellent companions, such as chamomile, mints, lavender, clover, fennel, nasturtium, dill, dandelions, borage, echinacea, and many others.  Nitrogen fixers are considered especially beneficial.

Environmental preferences, adaptations, and limitations: Due to the high variability of seeds, and worldwide spread, apples can tolerate a very wide range of climates and conditions depending on the variety.  Some are now being grown in Hawaii with zero chill hours required.  In general, however, most varieties will do better in the temperate zones. Apples tend to do well in full sun with a deep well drained clay-loam soil, with protection from strong winds, while also having decent circulation.

Propagation methods: Seeds, cuttings, grafting. Seeds are highly variable.  

Relevant references:

“Permacopia” Book II - by D. Hunter Beyer  & Dr. Franklin Martin

Morels and Apple Orchards Paul Stamets:  https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9eFKNxiV_7U

Apple Cheese: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=19VkqDTwAko

Tom Brown and “Lost” Heritage Apples: https://applesearch.org

Storage Apples: https://practicalselfreliance.com/winter-storage-apples/

Almaty the “Father of Apples”: https://rees.sas.upenn.edu/about/spotlight/last-wild-apple-forests-kazakhstan

A lot about Apples Permies thread: https://permies.com/w/apples#1631849

Thanks Arthur, valuable information and I enjoyed reading it. I hope you'll post about another species soon.

I would love it if you posted #10 Ziziphus jujuba!

I have two baby Ziziphus j. that I started from seed, but I haven't figured out where to plant them, and I really don't feel as if I know enough about them.