Hi Joe!
Welcome to Permies....
You aren't that far from me up here in Vermont...
1) does cob give off heat well or does it retain heat I'd want in the greenhouse?
Anything that forms mass (i.e. earth, stone, heavy timber, etc.) stores heat or cold dependently. The ratio of retention is dependent on medium. Metal will be your fastest conductor/radiator
2) how hot will cob get and how warm is the air above the floor
All depends on the design, the ambient temperature goals, climate, and several other factors that can get pretty complicated very quickly (and hard to really measure with out modeling the system for a given placement.)
3) would another material be better to lay on top of the pipes to radiate heat?
Hmmmm???....Better?....That, is a subjective question...Easier?...yes...more enduring? Absolutely...Traditional for greenhouses?...again without a doubt.
I like (if possible) traditional
"Bikooh Garden" or Wallipini with a glass cover over them, but you can do this above ground as well. I am currently designing one attached to a timber frame home for a client here in Vermont. You must employ a well designed drainage systems first for any "radiant system" you would use. I like placing hydronic tubing in a stone dust or sand substrate, then placing stone tile/flagging, brick, or some other masonry unit over this. The system stores heat, is easily survivable, and way more durable for working on, like found in a green house. Cobb just is not going to stand up to toil subjected to most greenhouses.
4) would 5 stoves heat 384 square feet (up to 75 degrees) through this method?
FIVE STOVE !!!
Even if this was required (like for growing orchidaceae) it would be hugely labor intensive and/or consume a large amount of
wood. Again, your thermal demands for any give greenhouse system is going to be dependent of design format and location-placement (as well as other factors.) This one might require a phone call if you really want to "dig into" the subtleties of it...as I could keep writing for pages and not even scratch the surface of this topic.
Regards,
j