I plant what I want to eat, taking season, climate, water requirements, spread and height into account. Bingo, I've got a companionable garden! I'm not being smart, I reckon you can over-think this stuff, and what really matters is for you to plant things! The only combination I generally avoid is alliums and legumes, but IME, nothing will stop favas.
Flowering plants the insects and I like to have around: anything from the umbelliferae family (carrots, coriander and chervil are great), favas (plant some, do the bumblebees, the
compost and your dinner a favour!), brassicas, clover, phacelia and calendula.
Note that most are food plants that I've allowed to flower, which also means I can save seed (watch out with brassicas though, most will cross like crazy).
Just plant things, observe closely, and enjoy learning from your failures as well as your successes!