If your real to dollar example is relatively accurate, it sounds like the cast iron stove system would be very expensive. Building a Kuznetsov heater would probably be a much better option. I would plan to locate it in the wall between two major rooms, so that it could heat both at the same time. You would just need to make sure the wall had a masonry section for at least 10-20 cm in each direction from the heater. If masonry is a typical wall material for your area, there is no issue.
From your climate description, I would say you probably only need a medium sized heater, unless your house is going to be quite large. The more open the floor plan can be, the easier it will be to use a masonry heater.
Kuznetsov gives exact brick-by-brick plans, but there is an alternative which may well give better efficiency: the bell-style rocket mass heater, specifically as developed by Peter van den Berg at
batchrocket.eu. The firebox of the batch box needs to be built exactly as specified in that site (various sizes available, with a 6"/150mm diameter system size being most common), but the bell using Kuznetsov's principles can be any shape of simple masonry box you desire as long as the internal surface area corresponds to the system size. These have been scientifically tested to be extremely efficient, easily exceeding strict European standards.