Without knowing your situation, it's difficult to make a suggestion. Questions that come to mind...
...is the soil pH suitable for broccoli?
...is the adequate soil drainage, or is it waterlogged?
...were the seedlings stressed prior to transplanting? Had their growth been interrupted by drying out, windburn, sudden chill?
...were the seedlings being fertilized while growing?
Normally I don't apply nitrogen when I transplant broccoli seedlings. I'm more apt to apply a bit of phosphorous until they become established. But then again, my garden beds get a light tilling of an inch of
compost between crops.
Now I'm no soil expert, by far. And I don't have to deal with soil temps below 55° F. But I do recall from a college ag
course that soil temperature has a bearing upon the availability for nitrogen uptake in field plants. The type of nitrogen source makes a difference in cold soils. Plus when it comes to organic home created nitrogen sources, such as compost, most of the nitrogen component needs to be processed via the soil microbes before it is in a form useable by the plants. Sadly I have no idea what this would mean to you, since it all depends upon your soil conditions and temperature.
Based upon my own personal
experience, I see that my homemade fish emulsion, and urine, each work fairly quickly.....meaning seeing visible results in 2-4 weeks.