Urban soils:
-Compacted due to vehicle and foot traffic, water moving very quickly down impermeable surfaces (aka buildings and concrete)
-contamination from detergents, nutrient runoff, PFAS, and exhaust
Rural:
-erosion from wind, compaction from over tilling and bare soil
-pesticide use on crops
Suburban:
-elements of urban and rural
-soil structures destroyed by construction processes/over development and use of herbicides and pesticides
-monocultures (lawns) and use of aggressive ornamental plants decreases biodiversity of native organisms
In all cases, microbial life (key to healthy soil) is disrupted.
