I found this link on edible bamboos that some may be interested in. It sounds like it would be a matter of matching up what you can find for your zone with any other requirements you have and then you could look at this or a similar resource to see if anyone has deemed any of the possible bamboos you are interested in as "delicious". At least that is what I would do. :p
http://www.guaduabamboo.com/edible-bamboo-shoots.html
David Benfield, do you have any experience with native bamboo? I was not aware of its existence before reading this thread!