I don't know much about clumping bamboo, but I've seen beautiful hedges of osage orange. It was used back in the day for wind rows around fields. It a thorny tree that takes a few years and some work to get worked into itself to create a thick spikey hedge, but it is a tree so you can let it grow as tall as you want once the hedge is developed. Bonus... it's thorny and strong enough to keep the deer and neighbors out and the cows, goats or pigs in. It grows a fruit deer like to eat (so less munching on your garden crops) and you can eventually manicure it and produce nice rot resisitant fence poles for other areas you might not hedge. A quick internet search and you'll find instructions on how to do this. I've read 3 years to get a good hedge grown, but am skeptical. I'd like to try it myself, but opted for the other option I'll share below.
The other option is a fast growing hybrid salix willow planted within about 18 inches of each other along your natural fence line. If you can keep the deer away from them, they grow fast and fill out more as you trim them. You could start out with a dozen cuttings (I found mine on the bay) and take cuttings each spring to root and plant to extend your fence line at no additional cost but time. Not a quick fix, but fairly economical.
Good luck to you!
