Figs do really well in pots, here's a fairly easy method to get good productivity each year:
Prune it (I'll talk about pruning in the next post), then overwinter someplace cold enough to make it go dormant but warm enough that it won't freeze too hard. A lot of folks use their garage, some use the crawl space under their house, some use a shed, etc.
In the spring, choose a spot outside in a nice sunny sheltered location. Loosen the dirt a bit, maybe turning it with a shovel, to make it easier for the fig's roots to grow down into the soil. Set the plant on the loosened dirt, and then mound up compost and mulch all around the pot so that the pots are about halfway 'buried'. This will result in the plant having enhanced access to nutrients and moisture, which means more and better from the fig tree and less work for you.
In the late fall, after some frosts have sent it into dormancy, prune it, dig it up (first severing the roots), and overwinter it again. Since you'll have to sever the roots, most people plug up the bottom holes of the pot and make extra holes around the bottom of the sides. A lot of folks just use 5 gallon buckets, and drill a dozen or so nice sized holes around the bottom of the sides, and none on the bottom.
You should get good results that method, but it'll take a bit of work.
The easiest thing to do would be to get one of the cold hardy Mt. Etna varieties (like Hardy Chicago or Marseilles Black VS), plant it 2' deep in the ground in a sunny sheltered location, and just leave it there year-round. They're pretty cold hardy, but even better, they have the ability to grow back from underground wood after being killed to the ground by a harsh winter and still ripen a nice crop before frost. Improved Celeste is another cold hardy variety that you should be able to get in-ground production from.
Plus it's fun to root and grow fig cuttings.