Hi Nicole,
Have you thought about just sealing and painting the floor? I have a similar cement floor & wall situation in my garage basement, which I recently insulated to be a livable space....rustic, but livable. I'm planning to seal and paint using LIVOS products:
https://ecospaints.net/solid-color-concrete-sealer
I'm so weary of cement dust (!) - I'm going to live with the rough spots. Great advice about needing protection!. I actually had the floor and walls professionally vacuumed/steam cleaned so we could use it this winter.
