Either let these grow larger and then harvest the heads... or harvest these small heads now......
But in either choice.... only harvest the head... leave the stem and leaves and that broccoli plant will produce additional heads. Usually the secondary heads are smaller... but not always.
Congrats by the way!
We had kale overwinter. With it we just wait till end of April and start harvesting leaves like normal. Will get a whole nother year from these survivors!!!
Feel free to fertilize. Doesn't hurt. Just don't do it up against the stems. And... though not popular to some.... for a weak but helpful one or two off fertile drink... consider
urine. (collected and carefully poured.... not sprayed since this is an edible).
Another amendment that people usually dont ever think of.... if you drink
milk: dilute any remaining / almost spoiled milk and pour into the soil around your plants. it feeds the soil life and they then help provide nutrients to your plants. Works the same for rinsing out your empty milk jugs before you recycle them.