The taller your system the better the draw. I have not heard of
rocket mass heaters combustion tubes shorter than 25" So by the time you put your 17" barrel over that, you are about 10" short for your barrel.
I have seen
rocket stove heaters, that short (no thermal mass exhaust). I don't think you would get
enough draw to run the exhaust through a thermal mass. If you do a youtube search for rocket stoves, you can find some that are made for heating a small space quickly that are that compact, and use a 4" J-tube.
Good luck.