I've often considered plants in
cob walls or methods of allowing vines and such to easily travel the wall both vertically and horizontally and through the wall as well.
Windows are easy to allow plants to pass from one side to the other. I think you can train vines with loops, pegs and grooves to move vines.
Now the hard part and your original question (sorry). Cob and natural building materials will break down if plants try to drive
roots into their structure (shocking I know!) I think you could make a "clay pot" with cob in a wall and treat it in a few different ways to make it last. Make sure you leave 1 or multiple weap holes for water and soil residue, perhaps the design of the "pot" can be planned to take the run-off, like a beard or waterfall as it changes color.
1. lime/clay/sand: coating the interior of your "pot/vessel" and burnishing to to have a more glazed aspect. Lime may effect your plant in a negative way.
2. linseed oil: It's pretty cheap and really works well on cob and soil based surfaces, they need to be poressed (sp. I know it's spelled wrong but the spel chequr doesn't have a clue) and dry to absorb well and not subjected to heat, sun is fine.
3. burn it: Fire bakes clay, curing it and preserving it for.. well a long damn time. Remember when it burns and dries it will shrink. Cob roughly dries as one mass, if you put heat in one area expect cracking unless you add extra mass and moisture, maybe even filling in over time. Maybe daily as it dries.