1541 Henry VIII declared ‘King of Ireland’ by act of the Irish parliament. He proceeds to shut down monasteries.
1543 Henry VIII’s Forest Act, a new Charter of the Forest enacted. This act is prompted by two factors: The first is the national requirement for shipping, brought on by the increase of colonization
led by Drake, Raleigh and Frobisher. The second was the disclosure of corruption in the English forest administration, the result of which is a shortage in
native timber. This change in policy is to have a drastic and enduring effect on the Irish woodlands.
1549 English Book of Common Prayer ordered to be used in Ireland.
1553 Papal authority restored briefly under Queen Mary.
1560Elizabeth comes to the throne and restores Anglicanism. England proceeds to build up her navy which goes on to defeat Spain in 1588. During her rule, Elizabeth I expressly orders the destruction of all woods in Ireland to deprive the Irish insurgents of
shelter. The fact that England is to benefit from this isn’t a mere afterthought.
1569 Desmond rising begins, and is later crushed in 1573.
1591 TrinityCollege established as part of Elizabeth’s attempt to impose the Protestant reformation.
1594 O’Donnell and O’Neill begin their rising against Elizabethan authority.
1606 It is estimated that the Shillelagh Woods could furnish the Crown with timber for shipping and other uses for the next twenty years.