In my climate they get heat/drought stressed if grown without
irrigation, and may not produce edible-sized
roots. At the edge of my garden and irrigated, they produce nicely but tend not to return in spring if left in the ground. I believe they are being eaten by
underground nibblers, and I think it's a question of establishment; there is a reliable wild patch near me with small roots that comes back every spring no problem.
I keep my propagation tubers in a ziplock in the fridge over winter. This spring I discovered a bag of them with a fall 2014 date. Some were moldy slime and there were many rootlets in a gnarled nasty mess, but I separated and planted them and they sprouted fine after 1.5 years in the fridge.
They also grow well in containers, albeit not producing a huge crop due to (I suspect) limited
root space. This late in the year, you won't get tubers if you plant them in a pot, but "everyone says" they grow from root chunks as well, though I have not tried it. So in your shoes my strategy would be to separate them (don't worry about breakage) and put a few back into the fridge for planting next spring (if you have land by then, or place for a big pot). The rest I would plant in soil now. Come your first frost, dig up and save the largest roots or any tiny tubers that you have; they ought to be fine for planting in spring also.