I'd focus on two things myself...
1 - I'd be looking at solar thermal solutions. I recently picked up four solar water heaters on our local digital market for something like $150 for the lot of them. Plumbing them in to something to warm seedling trays wouldn't be hard and doesn't have to be expensive. builditsolar.com has some great plans and you could make some for cheap or free depending on how creative you are and how close your proximity to a town with resources.
2 - Insulation. Doesn't have to be good. Doesn't have to look nice. Doesn't have to be new. Doesn't have to be permanent. Put things on the walls that incorporate air gaps of 1/2" at minimum and 1" at maximum. The flimsy ass plastic window coverings you can tape to your window are actually almost as effective as a second pane of glass because the insulation value is in the air space. Bubble wrap works well too, and you can add multiple layers of either.
Possibly you live near enough to a town that has a junk shop at the local dump. They will frequently have great supplies for this - possibly even cheap bags of insulation offcuts. Used carpet from a digital marketplace could be great because often free and, thanks to the rigidity and heft, it wouldn't be too hard to develop a system to hang them from the roof to the ground and maintain an air gap between layers.
Also, I can't find it with a quick search, but not terribly long ago I watched a video on YouTube where a guy built a structure around the non-sun-facing side of his greenhouse that he filled with leaves and they just composted down over the winter and gave him some usable heat - which is just another take on what many people have already suggested.
Oh, and what's your heat source inside your house? Could you heat stones or bricks or water for water bottles to take to the seedlings knowing that you'll never want to do it again but if it gets you through this winter you'll have time to adapt?