All farmers near me tile drain their land on 25 foot centers now. Used to be 100, then 60, then 50, now 25. We get a lot of rain, we have a relatively high water table.
Even on hilly land local farmers tile the whole farm.
There is overland runoff and some erosion but the majority of the problem is high water table at times during the growing season. Our organic matter is about 7% and we have cover crops over the winter and spring.
Because we are organic and not no till like everyone else around, we do about 5 times the passes with tillage compared to notill. Unfortunate but the way it is.
I have taken many permaculture workshops but none convinced me that any of the earthworks.....work in a wet environment like ours. We are three hours north of Lake Placid NY.
We grow mostly grain crops so raised beds and small scale stuff does not work.
We have done some ridge tillage and planting with some success.
For the first ten years I farmed I would wait till the wet areas were almost dry and work them and plant all. I now farm around the wet areas. I have seeded mostly reed canary grass there, graze or bale it and get a relatively good production from it. The unfortunate problem is that to farm around wet spots is very inefficient from a tractor efficiency and compacted headlands all over the place. On a ten acre field, I feel I drive 12 and plant 7 from the inefficiency.
I just need some recommendations for earth works for an environment where water, rain, runoff, ditches, and ground water are all a problem.
Thanks in advance for any advice. george