I grew up in Bangor, spent summers in Columbia Falls, where my great-grandmother had 12 acres of wild blueberries.
The
University of Maine Cooperative Extension has a big hand in recommending spraying to growers. See their
Pest Chart (.PDF) for an idea of what is being sprayed and the application rates.
I've watched the fields being sprayed. We'd mark the area with
milk jugs by hanging them on
trees and bushes around the perimeter of the target field. Because of the trees, terrain, and shape of the fields, airplanes don't have the maneuverability to perform the job accurately except on the big barrens. Helicopters are used for the smaller fields. They fly across the field at a height of 10-20 feet, applying the spray with precision. While most of the stuff goes on the crops, the stuff is airborne and you can smell it as it drifts. We would stay inside for a couple hours. My grandmother had half of her field sprayed each year. It's a 2 year crop, so we'd pick the north side one year, the south side the next. This is a common practice, so you can expect your neighbor to spray part of his lands each year.
The pest we had to contend with was a blueberry maggot. I have no idea what kinda bug it was, but I've seen the
maggots, about 1/8" long, white, and squirmy. At the end of a day of picking we'd haul the berries to the packing company pick up point. We just called it 'the factory.' She sold her berries to NEPCO, Northeast Packing Company. Another big biz is Stewart's. As I recall, there was a test that could be performed on a load of berries. A small sampling would be taken each day. I think the berries were then squished under UV lighting. This probably made the bugs glow in the dark. Get too many bugs, they don't buy your berries. Spraying is a small investment to get your crop sold.