Exposed wild hive

My dad accidentally exposed this unknown hive earlier when he started to cut down a dead oak in our back yard, will these bees be able to make it through the winter with that big of an opening in it? The hole is about 10" in diameter and the comb is about 16" from the end of the opening.

hard to say. it would probably help them out to close up the new hole that your dad created.

I would at least put a bit of ply over the opening. This would give them a better chance a controlling their environment and defending against predators.