I don't think it's so simple.
There are many levels and types of dryness. If we are talking about something like Sahara or Sonora desert, then yes, all the plants there have adapted to grow with large superficial roots, and to store as much water as possible in leaves, trunks or bulbs. In these conditions, plants have to be planted far from each other.
For less draught barren lands, plants can survive being closer to each other as long as they are adapted to the amount and frequency of the rainwater pattern. However, there are not many crops that we like to eat that are so adapted to draught. So we end up growing 'thirsty' plants, meaning that they want more water than what they get from the rains. One way to grow thirstier plants is giving them more space, the extra space is meant as water catchment areas that need to be clean of plants and maybe soft tilled.
But what happens when you have five months of draught, like it is the case here in my city? If your plant is not adapted to a draught so severe, it doesn't matter if you can catch more rainwater, the soil will probably be as dry as a stone in a couple of months and your plants will die. There's the option of capturing rainwater in barrels and irrigate as needed, maybe useful for a small lot.
Another option is using microclimate techniques as a way to reduce the total lenght of draught. With good shade, better soil, some extra area for water catchment, protection from dry winds, sfsf, maybe instead of five months of draught, the soil can behave like a three months of draught soil. There are many more crops that I can grow adapted to a three months draught, but not the commercial tomatoes and peppers every market gardener likes to grow here.
So it has to be a combination of protected soil for reducing the draught conditions, and better adapted plants. The extra spacing would be required for thirstier plants only.