Um, I don't know about elderflower soda but I do know about elderflower cordial that you can mix with soda.
For the cordial, it's not that important to use boiling water; in fact I prefer to soak the flowers in tepid or cold water as not to boil/damage them (because I imagine that this also has an effect on the taste/aroma).
This is what I would normally do:
- pick the flowers
- keep them lying around on
newspaper outside for a while so that the wildlife can move elsewhere
- drop them in a large pot
- add sugar
- add lemon zest and lemon slices
- pour water over everything
- cover with a plate that fits inside the pot and is weighed down so that all the plant material is underwater (or it will go dark and look fishy)
- cover with the pot's lid
- leave for about 3 days (could be 2 but rarely more than 3 -- look inside daily, stir around, taste a bit, check for signs of fermentation - you don't want it - OR maybe you do if you're really after elderflower soda?)
- afterwards, pour through a sieve (repeatedly if needed) into bottles
- pasteurize bottles in an
oven
Whether you dissolve sugar in water before pouring or add sugar and water separately does not seem to make much of a difference.
In my
experience cordial prepared in this way will stay OK for a year or so. The pasteurizing step is, of
course, very important for its longevity. The amount of sugar you use is also a factor but that's limited by the fact that many people, myself included, do not like lots of sugar.
Alternatively, you can soak the flowers (and the zest, slices and sugar) in vodka/schnapps instead of water. In that case let it stand for about 3 weeks. The thing about plant material needing to be fully submerged still stands. Some of my friends and visitors appreciate this "elderflower schnapps" very much. It has a light flavor so the kind of alcohol you use does make a difference - make sure it is either neutral or something you like in the first place. In my case
local plum brandy works very well.
I would imagine that if you're really after elderflower soda, not only something that you mix with soda, you'd actually want to see fermentation which means that you would skip the pasteurizing step in order not to stop the process... I guess. Dunno how long the stuff would keep then. And if you're looking for fermentation then using boiling water is about removing the bacteria naturally present in your environment so only the ones you add with whey / yeast / whatever you'd plan to add as the starter can affect the mixture - so you don't end up with mold instead for example. Also, the amount of sugar used would in this case have an additional significance as it would be the fuel of the fermenting process.