I had a bamboo nursery for 25 years, until a quadrupal sh*t storm struck and I changed my entire life. Most Edible bamboo: One that will grow in your climate AND does not have shoots that are nasty tasting. If you are in a mild enough climate (mainly subtropical) you will be able to grow at least the hardiest bamboos of the Bambusa genus. Otherwise, if you are in Cascadia/BC and have irrigation potential to substitute for summer rainfall, the Phyllostachys genus has a bunch that get big and taste pretty good. The hardiest of that genus that gets big enough to make harvest worthwhile is P. aureosulcata with frequent zig-zag canes and a variety of color forms, the type having a yellow sulcus: the flat stretch of internode above a pair of branches. If you are in a rainy summer climate, like Japan/China, you can let'em rip. That's where most of the hardy bamboos are from. (with the exception of Canebrake bamboo, which is an Eastern US species) With good soil, a humid climate (or a high water table) and no #!!% big rodents, the bamboo will grow. Unfortunately sandy soil makes for sandy bamboo shoots=more care in washing them before cooking. In the Willamette, with irrigation water in the summer, I can grow shoots that can often be 2" in diameter, max @ 3 or so: the general size of say, an anti-aircraft gun round (and likewise pointy on the top end.) The milder the winter the more varieties you can grow. None of the smaller (but hardier) clumping bamboos from Szechwan and nearby are big enough to bother with for shoots. For some reason, the best tasting shoots are not necessarialy from the best pole varieties by any means. And most all bamboo shoots must be cooked, unless you're a panda.
IF you are in at least the mild sub-tropics, you can grow some great clumping bamboos that have BIG, tasty shoots. If your climate is say, like Indonesia, you can even have good poles for building and eat the shoots too. Depending on variety, and your soil type there will be choices. Here in the Willamette, the primary pole species are the various color forms of P. nigra, which, naturally, comes in black, green, green with brown mottling, green with brown stripes (which sometimes puts up stems that are half-black, half green) The hardiest Phyllostachys aureosulcata, which has many color forms and frequent zig-zag stems- very ornamental and tasty too, but the stems are not super-strong, and being rough to the touch they are quick to get really smutty mildew in the rainy season. (I could see making a really cool room divider for an oriental restaurant with them) As I have never had a large, heated conservatory, I can't suggest tropical species, but if , say, you're in Bali, you are in BIG LUCK. Yummy sweet bamboo shoots the size of a destroyer round! With a long harvest season! Never been to Bali myself, I can't thrive in the tropics. Most of my ancestors sailed the North sea in open boats: the Willamette is about as tropical as I can get.