You mention the fish being safe. Is oxygen depletion your worry ? Is there some other reason that you want open water in winter ? Have you ever calculated the cost to run the pump for a season and compared it to a winter when a pump was not run. You mentioned the extreme cold. A layer of snow insulates the water beneath the ice from the extremes above.
I've visited some pond forums. Some run pumps and heaters while others do not. These were mostly Koi collectors. Are the fish in your pond naturally from a warmer climate, or are they the same fish that have always lived through Quebec winters ?
Its not easy to me to compare my pond with another one located in the same cold temperature area... i dont know an other gardener with this same setup.
Yess the cost of the pump... its a factor to consider... buts is more cheap to smoke I never compare cost summer/winter
Layer of snow over my pond... this element change everytime... wind factor....
Same fish live in my bassin since 6-7 years.
Jardinier, my garden projects at home:
http://www.usa-gardening.com
http://www.diy-garden.com