I suspect that bamboo would not naturally survive in your environment without irrigation. But it is quite likely to survive in a well planned
hugel bed. This means that drought will be a natural
fence so you
should be able to get away with non-clumping varieties without the worry of them escaping into areas where they're unwanted.
Exotics which are unlikely to survive in the natural environment don't pose much of a danger. If I could somehow get pineapples going on Vancouver Island I would not put myself or my neighbors at risk of spread. But if I was to bring things from other wet temperate climates and spread them around willy-nilly I would be a one-man environmental catastrophe.
Bamboo is grown all over California so I'm sure you're safe in this regard. Black bamboo sells for quite a bit more than Golden bamboo so if you can make that work you'll have a profitable nursery before you know it, a very efficient one since once established your role would be simply to harvest as the bamboo would continually refill empty spots.