I have crimson red clover, fixation white clover (balanza), Dutch white clover and even sweet clover that I didn't plant growing in same bed as my Texas sweet onions and I see nodules on them so I would have to say that it's a myth. I also have soft neck garlic and elephant garlic in the same bed and the clover I planted and even the sweet clover that was
native is growing fine along with them. I also had ryegrass growing in there that I didn't plant growing there but I pull it out as it is too tall and might hurt my garlic n onions I'm trying to grow.