What did I just buy?

I didn't know anything about it but I figured it was worth $15 (and $9 for the three shuttles, which I don't know if they go with the rest).

Loom wood is awesome wood.  It has to be well-aged, stable, and heavy.  

It looks like you have most of the more difficult parts of a loom to make.  From left to right

Beater and reed (just the beater part of it, not the supports)
frames - contains heddles
sectional warp beam - with warp
shuttles.

I suspect this was used for rug weaving.  

Do you have ideas for what you want to make with it?

I just bought it since I had never seen any loom parts for sale here and figured $15 was worth not having to make them if I ever wanted to try. We have acres of milkweed and dogbane; I have pondered possibly trying to harvest them for fiber one day. I imagine it was used for rugs as well. The threads appear to be a coarse cotton. I don't know it's history. Rag rugs were a big fad here a few decades ago, maybe it was used for that. We also have acres of broomsage...I may try to make mats from that, but it's not an urgent project at the moment.