Congrats on taking action, instead of just thinking something!
Winter hardy vegetables are sown in summer or early fall and are near maturity when frosts set in. You can't germinate in frozen ground!
Examples; kale, rutabagas, spinach, cabbage, carrots
You have to finish your bed. Your logs are exposed, and you have no soil. I can't tell if you have shavings or snow, but if those are shavings they are going to eat up all your available nitrogen.
You need to get some top soil or finished manure type
compost to cover your bed. At least a good foot deep or more.
Cover it with a tarp until germination temperature for cool season crops are reached in your area to keep it all from washing away.
You could also buy row cover material and make a pvc hoop structure over it. Let in some moisture, reduce chances of slide off erosion, and collect heat.
I would do the row cover, and buy a bunch of radish and cool season greens (spinach, lettuces, etc) seed and cover the whole pile with it just to get some growth when it warms up enough in early spring to get those things going. I also overseed everything in my grow beds with dutch white clover for ground cover, living mulch, and nitrogen fixation. It will germinate early. Then I just kill off spots of it with pieces of board or plastic and transplant plants into it when the seedlings are large enough to compete.