Electrical storage heaters heat ceramic bricks during times of day when electricity is cheapest:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Storage_heater
This is old tech.
Coupling it with PV solar is old tech
The difference is a rocket stove heats through radiation and a storage heater will often have ducts and fans as well.
So yes, it would work, but I doubt it will work as easily as we might hope.
For example, most electric water heaters in the US use 120vac.
Most ovens in the US use 240vac.
The water heater thermostatic switch will probably not work well with coils from an oven.
Of course ovens come with their own, so we could salvage that.
Also you could use probably two of them(I think water heaters generally have two) and switch each leg of the 240V circuit.
We can install the coil in the base of our bell and the thermostatic switch into the wall of the bell.
Hmm, the inside if a rocket mass heater bell is way hotter than
The inside of an oven or the skin of a water heater.
No matter, we will either embed the coil and thermostatic switches in the walls to protect them , or get higher rated components off of the Internet.
Now to power the thing.
I would assume we would wire it into mains power, since solar produces DC voltage and we need to rectify that over to AC voltage for the sake of the components we are using.
There will be loss, but we are talking about storing otherwise wasted energy, so it's not really a big deal.
PV solar often uses water heaters as dump loads, so I imagine there are off the shelf solutions we can use to ensure we only fire up the up the coil when we have excess solar pv.