Growing Mexican chayote (Sechium edule) in temperate climate

Hi, I am reporting the one year result of growing a grocery store chayote. Grocery store chayotes in US are mostly the smooth light green variety (virens levis) from the mountain areas of Mexico or Costa Rica. They are easy to germinate and grow, as many of us have successfully sprouted them and shared in Joylynn's thread here. Yet it's challenging to get chayote fruits since it's a short daylight plant and flowers very late in the season.

With some hard work, I finally got over 30 chayotes of market size and lost 3 times more of the immature ones to hard freeze.


This is the single massive plant with vines running over 30 ft long. The red rectangle is the horizontal 16x5 cattle panel used as trellis.


I made a diagram of chayote flowering and fruiting. Basically flowers initiate when daylight is less than 13 hours a day; it takes one month for the first female flower to open; 10 more days for the first male flower to open and pollination happens; one month for the fruit to mature. for my plant, here are the dates of the events:

First female flower: 09/29
First hand pollination: 10/3
Major pollination period by insects: mid to late October
First fruit picked: 10/31 ( starts to sprout 3 weeks later)
Major harvest period: mid November
First freeze: 10/29-11/1 (protected with cover and heat source)
Freeze killed: 11/22



In general, for the short daylight variety, you will need the frist freeze to happen after Thanksgiving to get some harvest, better if the first freeze is around Christmas or later. In the bottom half of the diagram I list the possible ways of extending the pollination to harvest period. They may not be all that practical so next year I am going to try the day neutral variety. It's dark green with short prickles, a variety that is proven to work even in Canada.


I leave the root of chayote in ground to see if it comes back next year.

Chayote has tasty shoots and provides precious nectar for the pollinators late in the season. Even if it can't produce fruit, it's still a nice plant to have in the garden.

Here's me trying to protect the plant around Halloween when recold cold temperature reached 20F. Way early as we normally just get light frost at that time. Some leaves showed injuries and died but the vines sent put more new growths in the next few weeks.

Dr Lance Hill disapproves of growing store chayote as they may introduce disease and endanger the local mirlitons. hereThat's a valid concern as the local variety is adapted to the hot and humid weather and the cross pollination may results in hybrids that lose the trait.

I am not sure if the deadly chayote mosaic virus carried in the fruit will show signs in the seedling stage or not. If the seedling or mature plant is sick, destroying it properly will stop the transmission.

The only pests I have so far are the spotted or stripe potato beetles that are existing in my garden. They pose little threat to the leaves but they nibble the female flowers and young fruits and cause a lot of damage.

Was this a first year plant?

It was the same one I sprouted last winter and transplanted in May.

It didn't grow very fast during the summer and the growth exploded in early September after the rain and a cold spell. I guess that reflects its Mexican high altitude origin that prefers cooler night temperature.

Hmmm... mine was in mostly shade and only got 10 feet long.  No flowers. I'm trying to overwinter it. I'll see about doing a new one in more sun.

In commercial production, the farmer prepares a big planting hole of 3 ft wide and 2 ft deep with loads of organic fertilizer in the hole. I kept adding compost and mulch in the 6 ft diameter around the base. That and chickens adding manure on top helped the plant well fed. It likes shade in summer but more sunlight in the fall will speed up the fruit growth.

I dig a hole for next year's plant now and start filling it with layers of leaves and kitchen scraps for in ground composting.

Great writeup May!

I've been wondering about these since I saw them in the produce section.  I've done some reading up on them, but haven't taken the plunge yet.  By the time I'm ready to, you'll have worked the kinks out for the rest of us, lol.  Very helpful information...love the data collection as well.

Thanks Cy, here is a scientific report of growing tropical chayote in Macedonia, latitude similar to Ohio but with a Mediterranean climate. webpagehttps://www.researchgate.net/publication/355169398_Evaluation_of_the_tropical_cucurbit_chayote_Sechium_edule_Jacq_Sw_var_albus_spinosum_under_the_temperate_climate_conditions_of_North_Macedonia The variety is white in color with soft pricks and the flowering time is earlier than the autumn solstice. Still they had less than 10 days of harvest season.

There are little information on the photo period of different chayote varieties but cucumbers growing in Asia have adapted to the local day light and climate conditions. Cucumbers of south Asia origin are most short day length sensitive and further north is less so. And those grown in north east Asia are predominantly day neutral.