My faithful old chicken water heater failed after ten years. I'm sure you've seen them galvinized pan with a silicone pad heater underneath. I considered the light bulb underneath a pan but really wanted the reliability of the old design and didn't really want broken bulbs in the run. When I went to the feed store and saw that they were over 40.00 now I said no way. The silicone pad is used for warming engines and batteries in cold weather and are available in a parts store or off of Amazon for about $20.00. They are thermostatic and available in different wattages they have sticky on them already. Any old pan with a flat bottom would work I've used a new one here 6.00 again at an auto parts store. the 1.25 inch hole allows the plug head to pass through the side a Chevy valve cover grommet protects the wire $1.00. You coul let the plug just pass under the pan lip if you wanted. Probably not necessary but the directions tell you to run a bead of high temp silicone around the edge. $27.00 I have a new heater but if I used an old pan I'd have a new heater for $20.00.
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