I can't give you the precise reassurance you want, but...
Plants vary a lot (not just from species to species, but from tree to tree) in their sensitivity to
root disturbance and difficulty of successful transplanting.
Pawpaws do have a reputation for being somewhat sensitive. By reputation, they are hard to establish in general.
That said, my
experience is that trees want to grow. I can't tell you how many times I've done something that gave some tree sapling a horrible setback, but, up to a year later, it grew back or leafed out again. I've learned never to write off any tree until it's been through a spring season with no sign of green on it anywhere. And generally, I don't write off any young tree until it rots at the soil line and falls over.
Without having much experience of pawpaws, I would nonetheless bet a modest sum that you have not killed yours. At most, you've given them a shock ... but that was going to happen when they were transplanted anyway.