Hey Ray!
I haven't built a rocket oven but I see some things about your build that might be keeping you from getting high temperatures.
You mention a 2 1/2" by 8" opening.
If your core and riser match that, they are not within the standard design parameters.
A circular or square cross section of at least 4" is recommended, and 6" or larger is preferred.
The diagram you share shows the firebox as long or longer than the riser is tall.
The prefered ratio for a J tube rocket is 1-2-4, with
1 being the height of the
feed tube, 2 the length of the burn tunnel and 4 the height of a riser.
Your feed tube seems to be slanted, which might reduce the turbulence that happens where it meets the burn tunnel.
More turbulence tends to be better for complete combustion.
The riser seems to have a slanted portion, I'm not sure how that would affect things, I think Matt Walker experimented with a "broken" riser design, but strait is the standard.
You don't mention what kind cement you used for insulation, nor the ratio of perlite to cement.
Portland cement will begin to fail at 482 degrees fahrenheit.
The higher the cement to perlite ratio, the less insulative it will be.
I would try a fire inside the oven itself, along with firing the existing rocket .
You might be producing unburned combustion gasses in the
rocket stove which in turn could feed the hearth fire.