Howdy Paul, welcome to permies!
I have rock areas under large
trees that are covered with leaves every fall. The soil is slowly accumulating and the grasses and "weeds" are moving in.
So yes it can be done . The real problem here seems to be more the paper than the rocks. The roots have made progress in some areas , at getting deeper than the paper, but generally stay on top of the paper.
Seems like that stuff lasts a long time.
So you can remove the paper and have
deep roots or pile up the soil on top, ( better yet a
hugel!) and give the roots room to grow.