Geoff Lawton definitely stresses that swales must be on contour. This may be one of those words
permaculture has it's own, more specific meaning (like sector).
Swale (landform)
The swale concept has also been popularized as a rainwater harvesting and soil conservation strategy by Bill Mollison, Geoff Lawton and other advocates of permaculture. In this context it usually refers to a water harvesting ditch on contour. Another term used is contour bund.[3][4]
I'm curious, Peter, how you would explain the difference between a swale and a ditch if they can both direct water?