I more or less agree with you about the vaccinations. I have only had my dog vaccinated for rabies, since that's required for licensing and licensing is required here -- also, when he was a pup and we were living in New Hampshire, there was a serious problem with rabies in the area, so had him vaccinated for his sake and ours. He's only ten but has outlived all but one of his litter-mates -- all the others have died of cancer. He does get commercial dogfood as part of his diet, part of the time, but for quite a bit of his life (including the first year or so) has eaten healthier things, and even now I always add some goat
milk or kefir to the dog food. He's still in pretty good shape, although is slowing down a bit.
Without knowing more about your situation, it would be difficult to advise on what kind of dog you ought to get. For me, my next dog will probably be a Great Pyrenees or an Anatolian Shepherd, and either of those make good hiking companions. They are protective but can be taught to leave small animals alone -- they are livestock guardian breeds and are often used to protect livestock, including poultry. They do need to be trained for it, but most of them do well with the training. But, they are BIG dogs. Pyrs shed profusely (we had one many years ago, and for four years after she died, I was still finding four-inch-long white Pyr hairs in things!), and can suffer in extreme heat. They are also prone to be escape artists and wander (which is how we lost that female -- she got hit on the road, as they have no car sense at all), and if left outdoors at night, will annoy the neighbors with their barking. This isn't nuisance barking, it is their way of protecting their charges, but it's just as annoying to the neighbors as nuisance barking. Being a giant breed, they are also prone to be short-lived (and some strains have health issues that you'd need to ask about).
Anatolians are shorter-haired and supposed to be longer-lived. I haven't had one (yet), but I believe that in most respects they are pretty similar to the Pyrs as far as wanting to range more territory than they are given, and barking at night.
You might look into farm collies and English Shepherds -- my current dog is a farm collie. He's 3/4 English Shepherd and 1/4 Collie, a beautiful dog and extremely intelligent. He's never killed anything in his life, but is protective of me and the house. He's a good watchdog, but doesn't threaten visitors and doesn't bark excessively even if he's outside overnight (he's usually inside, but not always). He does shed a BUNCH, though, as he got the Collie coat (the English Shepherd coat is more moderate and easier to care for). You could do a search and get a bunch more info on this type of dog -- there are a few people still breeding the old-fashioned farm collie, and they generally don't charge huge prices for pups (and sometimes have an adult dog to re-home). Transportation might be the biggest cost unless you happened to live near a breeder, which will usually be someone with a working farm.
Kathleen