I don't know about charcoal, but I tried a pee bucket with sawdust & woodshavings one winter, and with autumn leaves another winter. I hoped they'd absorb the moisture and make a nice C/N ratio, but instead the liquid pooled up and went anaerobic, making a bad methane smell. But that was after a couple of months. If you're going to empty the container promptly, I think charcoal would probably absorb the smell. Sawdust/woodshavings might be available cheaper and in greater volumes, and they also absorb the smell if used in large enough volumes, but then I guess you have to
compost them somewhere, whereas charcoal could go straight into soil as biochar.