Bogdan,
Nice design. I admire and applaud your resourcefulness. I don't doubt that you are going to make this work.
I think that this thread has given you a lot of very good advice. For my part, I agree that covering (almost burying) the whole assembly of internal stove components in clay is the right idea. Partly to hold all those parts together, partly to seal any potential air leaks, and especially to get some good mass around the stove to store heat!
For what it is worth I tried a very simplified design of a biochar kiln that basically works on the same principles, You can find it HERE:
https://permies.com/t/72466/Cheap-easy-mini-homemade-biochar
My little setup was just to see if I could in fact make biochar--and it worked flawlessly, if on an extremely small scale. Obviously, your plan is for heat, but I don't see any reason that it would not work with maybe just a little adjustment. For whatever it is worth, my kiln did not work very well on the first attempt, I needed to drastically improve the airflow. I don't this this is a problem for you, but I am merely expressing the warning to expect the unexpected.
And in case I have not already mentioned it, I just love that you are making this from spare parts laying around. That part has to be my favorite--that you had to use your ingenuity.
Good luck and please let us know how things work out!
Slava Ukraini
Eric