I don't know aspen, but several other species of poplar that I know are extremely vigorous sprouters and rooters, so if aspens are like other poplars, then yes, freshly cut logs buried in hugel could possibly sprout and
root. When trying to plant poplars, I've had much less success rooting when we let the dormant sticks sprout before planting, or when we cut already leafed-out branches for planting. One thing you can do to weaken them is, if they are cut when dormant, let them sit out in the sun and sprout some good leaves, then pull those all off. Or perhaps cut them down when they are already in full vigorous leaf, leave them out to wilt in the sun, and then hopefully they'll be pretty weak.