This may be a good situation for a Hydraulic Ram Pump.
I wish I had a creek out here.
The sump pictured in your blog will surely do the job with no further improvement. Nonetheless, a more developed system can offer more performance. How far do you want to go with it?
Source
The bucket full of holes serves to filter out debris. This will keep your pipes/hoses/valves/tanks/nozzles clear. It looks like the flow rate of the creek is low, and if you dropped the water level by 4 inches, increasing the available water might be considered. Digging out and dredging a pit would offer more available water at the source. It need not be deeper than the bucket, but a basin area 2 feet wide by, say, 10 feet long, and 15" deep would hold 25 cubic feet of water x 7.43 g/cuft=185 gallons of water. This would allow the pump to run for at least a little while before it slurps the creek dry. Digging a deeper hole upstream of the pump location would allow sediment, muck and debris to fall in, further helping to keep the sump clean. Adding some concrete blocks would give you a stable platform for the bucket/sump, and keep it up out of the mud.
Holding Tank
A tank of whatever size could be elevated to offer the pressure desired, as well as the volume needed for a job. The rainbarrels you mention can work-all you would need to do is fill the tanks from time to time. The hose could operate without the sump, as long as there is water in the tank. If raised on a sturdy platform, water pressure is increased. A good quality tank of a couple of hundred gallons can be had for a couple of hundred bucks. Trash barrels can do the job if you get creative with plumbing, and you can always add another tank if you set up the plumbing right at the start. 200 gallons of storage capacity would serve most of your needs if all you are doing is treating compost. For irrigating a garden, storage would be determined by garden size and moisture demand. Too much storage can be a problem-algae in the creek will grow inside the tank. Covered tanks help keep the mosquitoes in check.
Safety
A
GFCI is a must have. Plug it into the wall, plug the cord into it. Figure $20-30 at your local hardware store.